The church in Resslova Street, built in the 18th century, was initially consecrated to St. Charles Borromeo. There are still frescoes inside that depict scenes from this saint's life. But in 1783, during Joseph's reforms, the church was closed. The army used the building for many years. Only in 1933, after a long reconstruction, the building passed to the Czech Orthodox Church. It was re-consecrated and began to be called the Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius.

Today this place is known primarily because of the events of the Second World War. Czech paratroopers, who organized a successful assassination of the Reichsprotector Reinhard Heydrich as part of Operation Anthropoid, were hiding in the crypt in 1942. SS and Gestapo find their hideout, and on June 18, the cathedral was surrounded by SS troops.

All paratroopers were either killed or committed suicide. The Orthodox Church was banned, and all its property was confiscated. Many of those who provided aid to the paratroopers were shot. Today, in the church's crypt, there is a small museum dedicated to these events.